long-term use of the feet, which can cause cause the posterior tibial tendon, the primary support structure for the foot arch, to weaken in older age.tarsal coalition, which causes the bones of the foot to fuse together unusually, resulting in stiff and flat feet.nervous system or muscle diseases, such as spina bifida, muscular dystrophy, or cerebral palsy.damage, dysfunction, or rupture of the posterior tibial tendon.stress on the arches of the feet due to excess weight.weak arches, meaning that the arch is visible when a person sits but the foot flattens onto the ground when they stand.genetic factors, as flat feet can pass from parents to children in the genes.being of young age or being an older adult.developing a condition that can affect the tendons.having family members with the condition.Some factors that can put a person at risk for the condition may also cause it. doi: 10.1007/BF03395708.The causes and risk factors for developing flat feet are intertwined. Using the Implicit Association Test and the Implicit Relational Assessment Procedure to measure attitudes towards meat and vegetables in vegetarians and meat-eaters. The Implicit Relational Assessment Procedure: Exploring the impact of private versus public contexts and the response latency criterion on pro-white and anti-black stereotyping among white Irish individuals. A sketch of the Implicit Relational Assessment Procedure (IRAP) and the Relational Elaboration and Coherence (REC) model. Do you really know what you believe? Developing the Implicit Relational Assessment Procedure (IRAP) as a direct measure of implicit beliefs. Attributions of implicit prejudice, or “Would Jesse Jackson ‘fail’ the Implicit Association Test?”. The findings support the IRAP as a potentially valuable tool in the study of sexual preferences.Įrotic preference Implicit measurement Sexual orientation.Īrkes HR, Tetlock PE.
Correlations between the IRAP and explicit measures of sexual orientation were consistently high. 95 for the bias scores for the male and female pictures, respectively. The IRAP revealed a non-orthogonal pattern of biases across the two groups and had an excellent ability to predict sexual orientation with areas under the curves of 1.0 for the relative bias score and. Response latencies were recorded and analyzed.
Participants were required to respond in a manner consistent with their reported sexual orientation for half of the IRAP's test blocks and inconsistent for the other half. An explicit measure screened for men with androphilic (n = 16) or gynephilic (n = 16) orientations on the dimensions of "sexual attraction," "sexual behavior," "sexual fantasies," "hetero/gay lifestyle," and "self identification." The IRAP involved responding "True" or "False" to pictures of nude males and females as either attractive or unattractive. The present study sought to extend this research by assessing both relative and individual implicit biases using the Implicit Relational Assessment Procedure (IRAP). For both measures, relative bias scores were obtained, with no information on the separate response biases to each target gender. Snowden, Wichter, and Gray (2008) demonstrated that an Implicit Association Test and a Priming Task both predicted the sexual orientation of gynephilic and androphilic men in terms of their attraction biases towards pictures of nude males and females.
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